Public health is a term much used in the media, by health professionals, and by activists. At the national or the local level there are ministries or departments of public health, whilst international agencies such as the World Health Organization promote public health policies, and regional...

This Very Short Introduction traces the emergence of entropy and energy as distinct concepts, and explains how entropy spread from thermodynamics into statistical mechanics, probability theory and data science. It explains the implications of entropy for heat pumps, solar cells, carbon capture, and liquified natural gas.

George Eliot pushed the boundaries of fiction and of Victorian society. She was an extraordinary woman whose unconventional life meant that she was judged harshly by family, friends, and strangers. Eliot wanted to draw attention to the feelings and motivations of ordinary people, so that we...

After seven decades of existence has the UN become obsolete? As Jussi Hanhimäki proves in the second edition of this Very Short Introduction, the answer is no. The UN remains an indispensable organization that continues to save lives and improve the world as its founders hoped. Since its...

The Middle Ages is a term coined around 1450 to describe a thousand years of European History. In this Very Short Introduction, Miri Rubin provides an exploration of the variety, change, dynamism, and sheer complexity that the period covers. From the provinces of the Roman Empire, which became...

Playing together is the beating heart of chamber music. Despite great diversity, there are values common across centuries and instrumentation. First, a principle of one player per part, without a conductor. Second, that location is more a state of mind than an actual venue—thus, chamber music...