Alcohol consumption in the United States is declining. Gallup reports that only 54% of Americans now drink — the lowest level recorded in decades — and nearly half of Americans say they are actively trying to drink less.

On the surface, this sounds like clear progress.

But in this episode, Molly explores an important question raised by Dr. Adi Jaffe in a recent article: Are we truly becoming more emotionally resilient… or are we simply swapping one escape route for another?

As cannabis use rises alongside declining alcohol consumption, it’s worth examining whether substitution equals transformation — or whether real change requires something deeper.

This episode unpacks the cultural shift away from alcohol, the rise in cannabis use, and the critical distinction between behavioral change and emotional growth.

In This Episode, You’ll Learn:

• The latest statistics on declining alcohol consumption in the U.S.
• Why cannabis use is increasing as alcohol use declines
• What research says about cannabis use and alcohol reduction
• The difference between substitution and emotional resilience
• Why simply replacing alcohol doesn’t necessarily change your relationship with discomfort
• How psychological dependence operates beneath surface-level behavior change
• The core beliefs that often drive alcohol use
• A simple self-reflection exercise to assess your own coping patterns

Key Statistics Discussed

• 54% of Americans report drinking alcohol (Gallup 2025)
• Nearly half of Americans are trying to drink less
• 65% of Gen Z plans to cut down or abstain from alcohol
• Approximately 178,000 alcohol-related deaths occur annually in the U.S.
• 41% of young adults report cannabis use in the past year
• 29% report past-month cannabis use
• 10.8% report daily cannabis use
• About 3 in 10 cannabis users are at risk of Cannabis Use Disorder

The Core Question

Reducing alcohol is meaningful.

But emotional resilience is something deeper.

This episode challenges you to consider:

• If alcohol disappeared tomorrow, what would you reach for?
• Are you choosing relaxation — or needing escape?
• Have your behaviors changed… or have your beliefs changed?

True transformation happens when you dismantle the belief that you need something outside of yourself to manage your internal state.

Resources Mentioned

• Dr. Adi Jaffe
• The Abstinence Myth by Dr. Adi Jaffe
• Unhooked by Dr. Adi Jaffe
• Sunnyside mindful drinking app (15-day free trial available)
• Monitoring the Future (University of Michigan)
• CDC Cannabis Use Data
• Harvard Health on cannabis vs. alcohol risks
• Brown University study on cannabis and alcohol consumption

Low risk drinking guidelines from the NIAAA:

Healthy men under 65:

No more than 4 drinks in one day and no more than 14 drinks per week.

Healthy women (all ages) and healthy men 65 and older:
No more than 3 drinks in one day and no more than 7 drinks per week.

One drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. So remember that a mixed drink or full glass of wine are probably more than one drink.

Abstinence from alcohol
Abstinence from alcohol is the best choice for people who take medication(s) that interact with alcohol, have health conditions that could be exacerbated by alcohol (e.g. liver disease), are pregnant or may become pregnant or have had a problem with alcohol or another substance in the past.

Benefits of “low-risk” drinking
Following these guidelines reduces the risk of health problems such as cancer, liver disease, reduced immunity, ulcers, sleep problems, complications of existing conditions, and more. It also reduces the risk of depression, social problems, and difficulties at school or work.

On this episode of The Alcohol Minimalist Podcast, Molly reflects on what would have been her mother’s 95th birthday and the years lost not only at the end of her life, but throughout decades spent in active addiction. With compassion and clarity, she explores the difference between alcohol dependence and alcohol reliance, and why that distinction matters more than most people realize.

Drawing from her recent conversation with Dr. Charles Knowles , Molly breaks down the difference between the small percentage of adults who are physically dependent on alcohol and the much larger group who fall into gray area drinking or alcohol reliance. She explains how neuroadaptation occurs over time, how reinforced thought patterns shape behavior, and why learned helplessness can quietly keep people stuck.

This episode is not about blame. It is about progression, influence, and the hopeful reality that most people questioning their drinking are not powerless. Through science, reflection, and practical questions, Molly invites listeners to examine the beliefs that may be giving alcohol more authority than it actually has.

In This Episode:

• Reflecting on the years lost to active addiction
• The difference between alcohol dependence and alcohol reliance
• The 2 to 3 percent statistic on physical dependence
• The 20 percent gray area drinking category
• How neuroadaptation and tolerance develop over time
• Dopamine as a learning signal, not just a pleasure chemical
• Cue conditioning and incentive salience
• The psychology of learned helplessness
• Why belief shapes behavior and behavior reinforces belief
• Alcohol’s health risks, including cancer and sleep disruption
• Why low risk drinking guidelines reduce harm, not risk
• The importance of examining your belief system around alcohol

Key Takeaways:

• Physical dependence develops gradually through repeated reinforcement and neuroadaptation.
• Most people questioning their drinking are not physically dependent but are operating in reinforced patterns.
• Alcohol influences the brain but does not automatically remove agency unless long term dependence has shifted the baseline.
• Beliefs such as “Once I start, I can’t stop” can strengthen neural expectation and reduce effort.
• Small cognitive shifts precede behavioral shifts, and repeated behavior reshapes the brain.

Questions to Reflect On This Week:

• What belief about alcohol might you be carrying that deserves closer examination?
• Is there a sentence you repeat internally such as “I need it to relax” or “It helps me connect” that feels solid and unquestioned?
• What might happen if you approached that belief with curiosity rather than judgment?
• What is one small step you can take this week to observe rather than act automatically?

Resources Mentioned:

• Molly’s interview with Dr. Charles Knowles
• Alcohol Truths: How Much Is Too Much?

If you are questioning your relationship with alcohol, remember that awareness is the first step.
Change does not require a dramatic declaration. It begins with curiosity, clarity, and small shifts practiced steadily over time.

Low risk drinking guidelines from the NIAAA:

Healthy men under 65:

No more than 4 drinks in one day and no more than 14 drinks per week.

Healthy women (all ages) and healthy men 65 and older:
No more than 3 drinks in one day and no more than 7 drinks per week.

One drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. So remember that a mixed drink or full glass of wine are probably more than one drink.

Abstinence from alcohol
Abstinence from alcohol is the best choice for people who take medication(s) that interact with alcohol, have health conditions that could be exacerbated by alcohol (e.g. liver disease), are pregnant or may become pregnant or have had a problem with alcohol or another substance in the past.

Benefits of “low-risk” drinking
Following these guidelines reduces the risk of health problems such as cancer, liver disease, reduced immunity, ulcers, sleep problems, complications of existing conditions, and more. It also reduces the risk of depression, social problems, and difficulties at school or work.

Many people are saying the same thing lately: “I’m overwhelmed by everything.”

In this Think Thursday episode, Molly explores what overwhelm actually is from a neuroscience perspective. Is it just busyness? Or is something deeper happening in the brain?

Drawing from research on the amygdala, stress hormones, working memory, and executive function, Molly explains how overwhelm is not about volume alone. It is about perceived overload and a loss of prioritization. When the brain detects too many competing demands and not enough resources, it shifts from organizing to alarming.

This episode also revisits a recent WisdomWednesday quote about replacing “I’m overwhelmed” with “I need to decide what matters most and go slow.” Molly clarifies why that statement is directionally true but not neurologically instant. She explains how language influences prediction, prediction shapes physiology, and physiology drives behavior.

What You’ll Learn

• Why overwhelm is a perception of overload, not simply busyness
• How the amygdala flags cognitive threat
• What happens to the prefrontal cortex under stress
• Why everything feels urgent when executive function is compromised
• The difference between descriptive and prescriptive thoughts
• How repeating “I’m overwhelmed” reinforces neural prediction loops
• Why prioritization restores cognitive flexibility
• How cognitive reappraisal shifts neural activity over time

Key Concepts Explained

Perceived Overload
Overwhelm occurs when the brain interprets demands as exceeding available resources.

Amygdala Activation
When ambiguity, uncertainty, and competing priorities rise, the amygdala signals threat, increasing stress hormones like cortisol and norepinephrine.

Executive Function
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning, sequencing, prioritizing, and organizing. Under stress, its efficiency decreases.

Descriptive vs Prescriptive Thinking
Some thoughts label experience. Others shape future experience. Repeating “I’m overwhelmed” reinforces prediction patterns that sustain the feeling.

Cognitive Reappraisal
Research shows that reinterpreting a situation increases prefrontal cortex activity and decreases amygdala activation over time.

Why Language Matters

When you repeatedly say “I’m overwhelmed,” your brain begins scanning for confirming evidence. Increased vigilance raises stress. Stress reduces clarity. Reduced clarity reinforces overwhelm.

Replacing that statement with a prioritizing phrase does not instantly shut down the alarm system. However, it recruits executive function and begins shifting neural activity toward organization and task-based thinking.

Language guides prediction.
Prediction guides physiology.
Physiology guides behavior.

Practical Reframe

Instead of:

“I’m overwhelmed.”

Try:

• What matters most today?
• What is the next smallest step?
• What can wait?

This is not positive thinking. It is restoring organizing capacity.

Overwhelm signals that prioritization has collapsed. Prioritization is a skill that can be strengthened.

Behavior Change Connection

People often abandon habits when they feel overwhelmed, not because they lack discipline, but because executive function is compromised.

You cannot build new neural pathways from a chronically alarmed state.

Restoring order supports follow-through.

Last week marked World Cancer Day, and in this episode, Molly revisits an important—and often misunderstood—topic: the relationship between alcohol and cancer.

This is not a new conversation, and it’s not a reaction to headlines. Instead, it’s part of an ongoing commitment to helping you understand the science well enough to make informed, intentional choices about alcohol—without fear, shame, or all-or-nothing thinking.

One reason this topic continues to matter is a striking gap in awareness: while nearly 90% of adults recognize smoking as a cancer risk, fewer than half realize that alcohol is also classified as a carcinogen
Project 1 (50). That lack of awareness makes informed choice difficult—and that’s what this episode aims to address.

In this episode, you’ll learn:

• Why alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, and what that designation actually means
• The seven types of cancer that are clearly linked to alcohol use, including breast cancer
• How alcohol increases cancer risk at a biological level (acetaldehyde, inflammation, hormones, and nutrient disruption)
• Why alcohol research in humans is mostly observational, and what that means for how we interpret the data
• The critical difference between relative risk and absolute risk—and why this distinction matters
• What experts mean when they say there is “no safe level” of alcohol for cancer risk
• How to think about cancer risk through an Alcohol Minimalist, harm-reduction lens

Key takeaways:

• Alcohol does increase cancer risk, but risk is dose-dependent and cumulative, not absolute or immediate
• Relative risk headlines often sound scarier than the actual, absolute numbers
• You do not need perfection—or abstinence—to meaningfully reduce risk
• Reducing frequency, quantity, and duration of drinking patterns matters
• Alcohol Minimalism is about reducing unnecessary exposure, not eliminating all risk

This episode is about clarity, not commands.
Science isn’t here to scare you—it’s here to inform you.

If you’ve ever felt overwhelmed by alcohol and health messaging, this episode offers a calmer, more grounded way to understand the risks and decide what feels right for you.

As always, choose peace.

Resources mentioned:

• TIME Magazine article on alcohol and cancer risk
• CDC information on alcohol-related cancers
• Alcohol Minimalist framework for informed, harm-reduction decision making

If this episode was helpful, consider sharing it with someone who would appreciate a thoughtful, non-alarmist conversation about alcohol and health.

Low risk drinking guidelines from the NIAAA:

Healthy men under 65:

No more than 4 drinks in one day and no more than 14 drinks per week.

Healthy women (all ages) and healthy men 65 and older:
No more than 3 drinks in one day and no more than 7 drinks per week.

One drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. So remember that a mixed drink or full glass of wine are probably more than one drink.

Abstinence from alcohol
Abstinence from alcohol is the best choice for people who take medication(s) that interact with alcohol, have health conditions that could be exacerbated by alcohol (e.g. liver disease), are pregnant or may become pregnant or have had a problem with alcohol or another substance in the past.

Benefits of “low-risk” drinking
Following these guidelines reduces the risk of health problems such as cancer, liver disease, reduced immunity, ulcers, sleep problems, complications of existing conditions, and more. It also reduces the risk of depression, social problems, and difficulties at school or work.

In this Think Thursday episode, we explore how the human brain evolved to use discomfort as information—and what happens when modern life removes nearly all friction, effort, and delay.

Our brains weren’t designed for constant comfort. Discomfort once served as critical feedback, helping guide behavior, attention, rest, and problem-solving. But in today’s world of instant gratification and instant relief, discomfort is often treated as a problem to eliminate rather than a signal to interpret.

This episode unpacks why that shift matters for brain health, motivation, resilience, and long-term satisfaction—and how intentional discomfort can support a hedonic reset.

In this episode, we discuss:

• Why discomfort evolved as a key feedback mechanism in the human brain
• How instant relief interrupts the brain’s ability to learn from discomfort
• The difference between regulation and comfort from a neuroscience perspective
• How highly concentrated, low-effort rewards shape motivation and satisfaction
• The concept of hedonic adaptation and why “enough” keeps moving
• What a hedonic reset actually is (and what it isn’t)
• How intentional discomfort supports nervous system regulation
• The role of dopamine, effort, and delay in sustaining motivation
• Why distress tolerance is a foundational skill for behavior change
• How identity shifts through repeated, slightly uncomfortable choices

Expert perspectives referenced:

• Dr. Anna Lembke, author of Dopamine Nation, on pleasure–pain balance and modern reward concentration
• Dr. Andrew Huberman on dopamine signaling, effort, and motivation
• James Clear on identity following behavior
• Inspiration from a conversation on the Mel Robbins Podcast with Dr. Lembke

One gentle experiment to try this week:

Choose one moment per day when you notice mild discomfort—boredom, restlessness, or the urge to distract—and pause instead of fixing it.

Examples:

• Standing in line without reaching for your phone
• Sitting with boredom for 60–90 seconds
• Letting an urge rise and fall without reacting

Notice:

• Where you feel the sensation in your body
• What thoughts show up
• Whether the feeling changes on its own

This isn’t about forcing discomfort or pushing through distress. It’s about teaching your nervous system that discomfort is tolerable and temporary—and that awareness alone can create change.

Key takeaway:

Discomfort isn’t a problem to solve.
It’s information to work with.

In a culture built around instant relief and effortless reward, intentional discomfort can be a powerful way to restore balance, protect motivation, and support long-term brain health.

In this episode of the Alcohol Minimalist Podcast, Molly sits down with Dr. Charles Knowles, professor of surgery at Queen Mary University of London and author of Why We Drink Too Much.

This is a deep, science-forward conversation about why humans drink alcohol, why some people lose control while others don’t, and how culture, biology, psychology, and learning all intersect in our relationship with alcohol.

Dr. Knowles shares his personal journey through alcohol dependence, recovery, and ultimately peace—alongside the neuroscience, history, and behavioral science that explain why alcohol can quietly shift from pleasure to reliance.

If you’ve ever wondered “Why me?”, questioned your own drinking without fitting neatly into a label, or felt stuck in the gray area between “fine” and “not fine,” this conversation offers clarity, compassion, and perspective.

What You’ll Learn in This Episode

• Why problematic drinking is not a moral failure or lack of willpower
• The difference between reward drinking and relief drinking—and why that shift matters
• Why consumption alone is a poor measure of alcohol’s impact
• The Three C’s of Drinking: Consumption, Consequences, and Control
• What “alcohol reliance” means—and why so many people live in this gray area
• Why sobriety, abstinence, and neutrality are not the same thing
• How emotional sobriety and peace are built after (or alongside) behavior change
• Why understanding the brain can help some people change—and why action still matters
• The role of culture, normalization, and storytelling in how we relate to alcohol
• Why a period of alcohol-free time can be valuable, regardless of long-term goals

Key Concepts Discussed

• Alcohol as a learned behavior, not a character flaw
• Psychological dependence vs. physical dependence
• Cognitive dissonance in gray-area drinking
• Neuroplasticity and habit reinforcement
• Emotional sobriety as a state of mind, not a rule set
• Identity, agency, and discovering who you are without alcohol driving the story

Notable Quote

“Peace is an incredibly important thing—and it’s not until you find it that you realize you never had it.”

About the Guest

Dr. Charles Knowles is a professor of surgery at Queen Mary University of London, a consultant colorectal surgeon, and the author of over 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications. Why We Drink Too Much is his first popular science book, combining rigorous research with lived experience to challenge how we think about alcohol, addiction, and recovery.

Recommended Resource

• Why We Drink Too Much: The Impact of Alcohol on Our Bodies and Culture by Dr. Charles Knowles

Final Takeaway

Changing your relationship with alcohol isn’t about labels, perfection, or deprivation. It’s about understanding what’s driving your behavior, questioning old narratives, and creating enough space to build peace—mentally, emotionally, and physically.

This episode is an invitation to look at alcohol with curiosity instead of judgment—and to remember that meaningful change is always possible.

Low risk drinking guidelines from the NIAAA:

Healthy men under 65:

No more than 4 drinks in one day and no more than 14 drinks per week.

Healthy women (all ages) and healthy men 65 and older:
No more than 3 drinks in one day and no more than 7 drinks per week.

One drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. So remember that a mixed drink or full glass of wine are probably more than one drink.

Abstinence from alcohol
Abstinence from alcohol is the best choice for people who take medication(s) that interact with alcohol, have health conditions that could be exacerbated by alcohol (e.g. liver disease), are pregnant or may become pregnant or have had a problem with alcohol or another substance in the past.

Benefits of “low-risk” drinking
Following these guidelines reduces the risk of health problems such as cancer, liver disease, reduced immunity, ulcers, sleep problems, complications of existing conditions, and more. It also reduces the risk of depression, social problems, and difficulties at school or work.

In this final Think Thursday of Mostly Dry January, Molly delivers an empowering message for anyone questioning whether their efforts this month "counted." If you’ve found yourself wondering why change feels so slow, or why your results don’t match your effort, this episode is for you.

She explains why progress in behavior change is often invisible at first — especially when it comes to changing deeply ingrained habits like drinking. Backed by neuroscience, Molly reveals how your brain rewires itself through small wins, micro-pauses, and increased awareness, even if those changes aren’t yet reflected in your habits or outcomes.

Key Topics Covered

• Why behavior change often doesn’t look like progress at first
• The role of neuroplasticity in rewiring your brain through repetition
• What researchers call latent change — and why it matters
• The difference between outcomes and indicators in habit change
• Subtle but powerful signs of invisible progress
• How identity and self-talk begin shifting before results show up

Science Concepts Mentioned

• Neuroplasticity: Your brain is shaped by repetition, attention, and intention
• Amygdala down-regulation and dopamine recalibration during early behavior change
• Latent change: Internal shifts that occur before external behaviors visibly improve

Invisible Wins to Look For

• Pausing more often before acting on a craving
• Feeling curious instead of critical when things go off-plan
• More compassionate self-talk
• A stronger desire to re-engage, even after missteps
• Growing awareness of what drives your decisions

Weekly Reflection Prompt
What kind of progress have you made this month that no one else can see — but you can feel?

Wrap-Up Message

You don’t need to be perfect.
You don’t need to be done.
You just need to keep noticing.

Progress is often invisible — until it’s not.