The Nicomachean Ethics
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The Nicomachean Ethics
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Nadia May
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In the Nicomachean Ethics (so called after their first editor, Aristotle's son Nicomachus) Aristotle sets out to discover the good life for man: the life of happiness or eudaimonia. Happiness for Aristotle is the activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. Virtue is shown in the deliberate choice of actions as part of a worked-out plan of life, a plan which takes a middle course between excess and deficiency. This is the famous doctrine of the golden mean; courage, for example, is a mean between cowardice and rashness, and justice between a man's getting more or less than his due. The supreme happiness, according to Aristotle, is to be found in a life of philosophical contemplation; but this is only possible for a few, and a secondary kind of happiness is available in a virtuous life of political activity and public magnificence.
Public Domain (P)2000 Blackstone Audio, Inc.
He starts well with making arguments for why happiness is the end goal for all of us and how a virtuous life can help us to achieve that happiness, but then he basically swaps from arguments to making observations as to what these virtues might be and that they seem to be in the middle of two extremes. He is basically making the mistake of assuming to already know what morally good is and is just describing those characteristics. And he kind of struggles with that because he wants to use the argument about ‘’finding the middle of charactertraits’’ but then he notices that there are actually actions that are fundamentally morally wrong and he does not really find a satisfactory answer to that. The problem is that he has not really any criteria for evaluating the moral correctness of something, other than it being in the middle of something.
It would have been much more reasonable to approach that topic more from a utilitarian perspective and argue that if happiness is the goal and virtue is the way to a truly happy life then virtuous charactertraits should be those that maximise happiness in the long run for those involved. So a kind of rule-utilitarianism that is focused on characterdevelopment.
I guess i am a bit biased here because i like rule-utilitarianism, but anyway goodbye.
Its okay
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