A sore throat that ends in compulsions, tics, and a child who suddenly can’t sleep or attend school sounds improbable—until you hear a pediatric rheumatologist walk through the biology. Dr. J. Patrick Whelan of UCLA sits down with Dr. Susan Manfull, Executive Director of The Alex Manfull Fund, to unpack how infections and the immune system can collide with brain function, producing abrupt-onset OCD, motor and vocal tics, restricted eating, and anxiety that look psychiatric but respond to immunomodulatory treatments. Drawing from a variety of sources, including the history of rheumatic fever, the Lancefield classification of streptococci, and modern cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Dr. Whelan explains why PANDAS and PANS challenge old categories and demand a broader clinical lens.

We dive into innate versus adaptive immunity, what “autoinflammatory” and “autoimmune” really mean, and why so many affected kids also show signs of immunodeficiency. If routine tests like ASO and anti–DNase B come back normal, does that rule out strep’s role? Not necessarily. Whelan shares how expanded antibody panels, trial responses to antibiotics or anti-inflammatories, and careful history-taking can reveal an immune trigger that standard workups miss. He also outlines the practical steps that matter right now: restore sleep, get moving, stabilize nutrition, and build companionship—simple interventions that reduce pain amplification and calm a dysregulated nervous system. Finally, we talk about why “listening to the patient” often illuminates key clues to understanding the case.

If you care about pediatric mental health, infection-associated neuroimmune disorders, or how medicine evolves when data and curiosity meet, you’ll find both science and solace here.

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Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this program are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of any entities they represent.

Credits: Music by Kingsley Durant from his "Convertible" album

To learn more about PANDAS and PANS and The Alex Manfull Fund, visit our website: TheAlexManfullFund.org

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