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Ransomware attacks — the use of malicious software to deny users access to data and information systems to extort ransom payments from victims — are prevalent. A recent notable example is the May 2021 ransomware attack that temporarily shut down the Colonial Pipeline Company’s network, affecting gasoline availability and prices. This attack is but one of many; in 2020 alone, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) received nearly 2,500 ransomware complaints with losses exceeding $29 million.

The vast US network of natural gas, crude oil, and refined product pipelines is integral to US energy supply and also has vital links to other critical infrastructure such as power plants and airports. This network is vulnerable to cyberattacks. Pipeline companies employ technologies which enable them to achieve business and operational efficiencies, but these technologies are susceptible to cybersecurity risks - and these risks have been growing. The May 2021 ransomware attack against the Colonial Pipeline, which disrupted gasoline supplies throughout the East Coast.