Project 2025 began not on a campaign stage, but in a Washington think tank conference room. The Heritage Foundation calls it “a conservative policy agenda” and a ready-made governing blueprint, anchored in a nearly 900-page manual titled Mandate for Leadership, meant to guide “the next conservative president” from day one, according to Heritage’s own introduction to the project.
At its core, Project 2025 aims to dramatically expand presidential control over the federal government. Heritage leaders have said the goal is to “deconstruct the administrative state” and ensure that “all federal employees should answer to the president,” a phrase echoed by Heritage president Kevin Roberts and summarized in reporting by PBS NewsHour and The New York Times. The project embraces the controversial “unitary executive” theory, under which agencies that have traditionally operated with some independence, like the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, would be firmly pulled into the White House orbit, as described by the Center for Progressive Reform and the ACLU.
To make that vision real, the blueprint outlines sweeping changes to federal staffing. The National Federation of Federal Employees explains that Project 2025 leans heavily on reviving and expanding “Schedule F,” a Trump-era classification that would allow tens of thousands of career civil servants to be converted into political appointees and easily removed. Heritage’s own materials describe building a database of 20,000 ideologically aligned personnel ready to step into government roles, while critics like Democracy Forward warn this would turn a nonpartisan civil service into a loyal political corps.
The scope of the policy proposals is just as far-reaching. According to the Project 2025 Mandate for Leadership document and a summary by AFSCME, the plan calls for abolishing the Department of Education, shifting most education authority to the states, and cutting back federal civil rights enforcement in schools. The Heritage blueprint also urges dismantling the Department of Homeland Security and replacing it with a streamlined immigration-focused department that consolidates agencies such as Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the Transportation Security Administration, as summarized by Wikipedia’s Project 2025 entry and labor analyses.
Economic and regulatory policy would be reshaped as well. Heritage’s Mandate argues for repealing the Inflation Reduction Act’s climate investments, closing the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office, and rolling back environmental and clean-energy mandates. It also backs major tax changes, including corporate tax cuts and a possible flat individual income tax, along with cuts to Medicare and Medicaid, according to the Heritage document and summaries by AFSCME and the ACLU. The blueprint further recommends abolishing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and even the Federal Trade Commission, moves that groups like the Center for Progressive Reform say would weaken consumer and antitrust protections.
Supporters portray these ideas as a restoration of constitutional government and traditional values. Critics, including the ACLU and multiple academic commentators, warn that centralizing so much power in the presidency, while purging the civil service, could erode checks and balances and politicize law enforcement, with PBS NewsHour noting concerns about expanded domestic use of the National Guard under a more aggressive Justice Department and FBI.
The next key milestones will be how much of this agenda is embraced by Republican candidates, written into party platforms, or translated into concrete executive orders and legislation should conservatives control the White House and Congress. For now, Project 2025 remains a detailed playbook waiting for a willing administration.
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