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Bold and prophetic, this essay is a scathing critique of eugenics and the danger it poses to both individual freedom and societal structure. With his trademark wit and moral clarity, Chesterton discusses the history of eugenics and the growing admiration of the movement – then gaining popularity amongst various intellectuals and politicians – arguing that this genre of ‘improvement’ threatens liberty, dignity and the rights of the poor.

An extended essay initially written in response to a letter pondering how to end war, Three Guineas eloquently relates women’s equal opportunity to the end of the power structures which contribute to conflict. Using the metaphor of three guineas, Woolf highlights three worthy causes to donate to in order to end violence: rebuilding education for women, supporting professional opportunities for women and the promotion of pacifism.

Initially published in 1775, A Journey to the Western Isles recounts a three-month trip to upper Scotland that Samuel Johnson undertook with James Boswell a couple of years previously. During their adventure, they discover a novel culture, stunning landscapes and welcoming locals – all described in Johnson's captivating prose.

First published in 1792, Wollstonecraft’s groundbreaking essay, written against the tumultuous backdrop of the French revolution, was an immediate success. Challenging the idea that women are inferior to men, Wollstonecraft argued that women deserved the same access to education, and the chance to develop as independent individuals. Blending Enlightenment ideals with sharp social critique, this pioneering work laid the foundation for modern feminist thought, provocatively – and successfully – defying gender norms in the eighteenth century.

First published in 1901, Up From Slavery is Booker T. Washington's powerful memoir, recounting his journey from enslavement to becoming a leading educator and advocate for Black progress. Born into slavery in the American South, Washington recalls his rise to becoming a founder of the Tuskegee Institute and subsequently a national leader in educational rights and race relations.

In April 1945, as Hitler’s Third Reich was unravelling, George Orwell published 'Anti-Semitism in Britain'. The short essay sketches the contours of British anti-Semitism, an essentially non-virulent, though a tenaciously pervasive, societal attitude that ran deep and cut across class and ideological differences.

First published in 1931 by The Adelphi, this essay describes the execution of a criminal during Orwell's time in Burma. Britain ruled over Burma for 62 years (1824-86), during which three Anglo-Burmese Wars were fought and Britain incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Britain administered Burma as an Indian province until 1937, when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma declared independence in 1948.

Through a series of essays, Du Bois explores the psychological impact of racism, the struggle for equality, and the concept of "double consciousness"—the tension of being Black in a society that marginalises you. A seminal work in American history and literature, this book challenges the notion of a "post-racial" world, urging readers to confront the deep-rooted injustices that continue to shape the lives of Black Americans.

How It Feels To Be Colored Me was first published in The World Tomorrow in May 1928. In this autobiographical piece that focuses on race and 1920s America, Hurston reflects on her early childhood in an all-black Florida town and her first experiences in life where she felt "different." Hurston focuses on the similarities we all share and on her own self-identity in the face of difference. "Through it all," she says, "I remain myself."