High in the remote mountains of Idaho and the Greater Yellowstone region lived a little-known people called the Sheep Eaters, or Tukudeka — a group often misunderstood, misidentified, and nearly erased from history. For generations, they survived in the high country by hunting bighorn sheep, moving with the seasons, and avoiding contact with the outside world.

In 1879, that isolation came to an end. Accusations of murders, raids, and stolen livestock sparked Idaho’s last Indian war, drawing the U.S. Army deep into some of the most rugged terrain in the American West. What followed was not a traditional war, but a campaign of pursuit, ambushes, survival, and surrender — shaped as much by rumor and fear as by confirmed facts.

This episode explores who the Sheep Eaters really were, what we know from archaeology and firsthand accounts, and how a misunderstood people became entangled in a conflict that quietly ended an ancient way of life. It also asks an uncomfortable question historians still debate: were the Sheep Eaters truly responsible for the violence blamed on them, or were they convenient scapegoats in a region already on edge?

This is the story of the Sheep Eaters, their history, their war, and the unanswered questions left behind in the mountains.

Sources for Research

https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/180

Article by Andy McGinnis, University of Idaho

The Sheep Eaters

By William Alonzo Allen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoMoGJClpTQ

The Sheepeaters, Mountain Indians of the Greater Yellowstone Region

Video by; This is Yellowstone

https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/887

Article by Emmaretta Barnett, Brigham Young University

https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/taylorarchive/b08-PayetteNationalForestLiterature10.pdf

Article by Michael H. Koeppen

Collection of Articles in One Link

Forgotten Tragedies of an Indian War, By Aaron F. Parker

The Sheepeater Campaign, By George M Shearer & Col. W.C. Brown

Moccasin Tracks of the Sheepeaters, By John Carrey

https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/twrs/Parker__1968_Indian_Wars.pdf

The Sheepeater Campaign; An Archeological Perspective, by Ricky L. Roberts, Weber State College

https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/taylorarchive/b08-PayetteNationalForestLiterature79.pdf

Sources for Photos

Drawings on Cliffs by the Sheep Eaters

Photo by Crest, Cliff and Canyon

https://frishmanphoto.wordpress.com/2021/07/27/sheepeater-art/

Rocky Bar Mines

https://idahohistory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p265501coll1/id/507/

Captain Edward Farrow

https://www.lib.uidaho.edu/digital/fisher/items/fisher286.html

‘High in the Sawtooths’

CC; 2.0 Brent - DSCF1345

Photos of Soldier Bar Today (Airfield)

Private Eagan’s Grave Today

https://www.shortfield.com/listing/soldier-bar-usfs-id/

Private Eagan’s Grave

Region Map (Vinegar Hill)

https://objects.lib.uidaho.edu/taylorarchive/b4-NewsArticles-016.pdf

This episode is from the 3 Part Series I did on Indian Territory, so if you hear, in the last episode or next episode, that is why but it focuses on the Five Civilized Tribes — the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole. Each nation had its own customs, traditions, and ways of life, and to avoid confusion, we examine each tribe individually rather than blending their stories together.While many of their experiences followed similar patterns — treaties, land loss, and forced removal — this episode focuses on the unique hardships each tribe endured and the paths that ultimately led them west. Although some removals occurred before 1830, the primary focus is on the events following the Indian Removal Act and the forced relocation of these nations to what would become Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma.After that, I dive into why Indian Territory became so lawless, some famous Gangs & Outlaws and the Lawmen tasked with bringing Law to the Lawless Frontier.#IndianTerritory #Cherokeehistory #Muscogeehistory #Chickasawhistory #choctawhistory #semniolehistory #fivecivilizedtribes

In this deep dive, we explore the violent and often overlooked story of the Horrell Brothers—a family whose actions helped ignite one of the bloodiest chapters on the Texas and New Mexico frontier, years before Billy the Kid and the Lincoln County War became household names.From Lampasas County, Texas, to Lincoln County, New Mexico, this episode traces a brutal trail of gunfights, ambushes, cattle theft, frontier justice, and full-scale feuds. We break down the Horrell War in New Mexico, the deadly shootouts with lawmen, and the escalating conflict with Pink Higgins that turned neighbors into enemies and towns into battlefields. Using firsthand accounts, period newspapers, and historical records, this episode examines how weak law, personal grudges, and reputation fueled a war before the war—and why the Horrell Brothers became symbols of how quickly violence could spiral out of control in the Old West.This has to be one of my favorite episodes I have ever done and I really hope y'all enjoy it! God Bless!#WildWest #OldWestHistory #TheHorrellBrothers #LincolnCountyWar #FrontierJustice #TexasHistory #NewMexicoHistory #WesternHistory #Gunfights #Outlaws #Feuds #CattleWars #BeforeBillyTheKid #TrueWest #ForgottenHistorySources for Research;https://www.legendsofamerica.com/tx-horrellbrothers/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/horrell-higgins-feud By; C.L. Sonnichsenhttps://www.truewestmagazine.com/article/the-horrell-brothers-revenge/ Article by Mark Boardman https://www.nmlincolncountyhistoricalsociety.com/horrellwar By Walter Earl Pittmanhttps://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1703&context=nmhr The Horrell War By PJ RaschThe Story of the Outlaw By; Emerson Hough Silver City Mining Life 20 December, 1873Santa Fe Weekly New Mexican January 26, 1869Journal of the Senate of Texas By F.L. Britton to Edmund J. Davishttps://www.truewestmagazine.com/article/bold-and-lethal/ Article by Kenyon BennettSources for PhotosLincoln, New MexicoWatson House. Courtesy of Palace of the Governors Photo Archives (NMHM/DCA), No. 105473Photos of Martin & SamuelPhotos of Mark & Wash ShortFind a GraveAll photos of LampasasFrom Lampasas County Museum; https://www.lampasas.org/246/History-of-Lampasas“Cattle Rustlers” by Frederic Remingtonhttps://centerofthewest.org/catalogs/remington/?view_id=3051 Edmund J. Davishttps://txfgm.org/governors/edmund-j-davis-1870-1874/ F.L. Brittonhttps://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/britton-frank-l Travis County Jail1876 Travis County Jail, jailor’s residence, and Courthouse Photo No. C00610b, Austin History Center, Austin Public Library https://traviscountyhistory.org/online-exhibits/law-and-lawlessness/ Georgetown Jailhttps://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth497012/ Fort Stantonhttps://www.legendsofamerica.com/nm-fortstanton/