Twilight of Sparta and the Changing Tides of Greece (371 - 360 BCE)
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Twilight of Sparta and the Changing Tides of Greece (371 - 360 BCE)
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The military and geopolitical revolution led by the Theban general Epaminondas, whose innovative oblique order tactic ended long-standing Spartan hegemony at the Battle of Leuctra.
Following this victory, Thebes systematically dismantled Spartan power by liberating the Messenian helots and establishing fortified cities to encircle their former rivals. The narrative also highlights the Theban expansion into northern Greece, which resulted in the young Philip II of Macedon being taken as a hostage to Thebes. This period of captivity allowed Philip to study the Theban military advancements that he would later use to transform Macedonia into a world power.
Ultimately, the texts document the permanent decline of Sparta, symbolized by the death of King Agesilaus II while serving as a mercenary in Egypt.