The Red Army continues its continual advance onto German soil—and the flight of German civilians and military.

The Samland Peninsula in 1905, showing city and town names still present in 1945.

Franklin Roosevelt meets Winston Churchill in Malta, 2 February 1945

Civilians from Konigsberg walk across frozen Vistula Lagoon, January 1945

CIvilians flee Lodz, Poland, January 1945

Red Army arrives in Lodz, Poland, January 1945

Hitler shakes hands with Col. Claus von Stauffenberg at the “Wolf’s Lair," July 1944.

Ruins of the Wolfsschanze, “Wolf’s Lair,” Hitler’s headquarters in East Prussia

Antony Beevor, The Second World War. New York, NY, USA: Little, Brown and Company, 2012.

Scott Bury, Walking Out of War: Volume 3 of the Eastern Front Trilogy. Ottawa, Canada: The Written Word, 2017.

Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War, 1941–1945. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.

Anthony Tucker-Jones, Slaughter on the Eastern Front: Hitler and Stalin’s War, 1941–1945. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press, 2017.

David Sumner, Europe at War: A podcast about lesser-known battles of the Second World War. https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/europe-at-war-a-ww2-podcast/id1788043665

Larysa Zariczniak, Wandering the Edge: Ukrainian history and culture https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/wandering-the-edge/id1547149262

David Sumner, Europe at War: A WW2 podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/europe-at-war-a-ww2-podcast/id1788043665

Morse code by Thane Brown

Music composed and recorded by Nicolas Bury

After 10 shattering blows on the Eastern Front in 1944, the Western Allies and the USSR continue to compress nazi Germany in January 1945.

1a: 1 January 1944

1b: 1 January 1945

1c: 15 January 1945

Map 4: The East Prussia offensive

The Budapest Chain Bridge destroyed, January 1945

Ruins of Warsaw, even in 1947

Source: New York photographer Henry N. Cobb, taken in 1947, via Rare Historical Photos.

"Budapest lay athwart the main entry route to Austria and Bohemia. It was the main railway hub of the region and also the largest Danubian port. The Red Army could not bypass it. This was the first time in the war that the Red Army had to lay siege to a major city."

The Red Army assaults the capital of nazi Germany’s final remaining partner in the Second World War. The war appears to be almost lost—but that’s seen through hindsight. No one at the time knew that.

Mihai I, King of Romania, 1944–1947

Miklos Horthy, Regent of Hungary

Miklos Horthy Jr.

Ference Szalasi, nazi dictator of Hungary, 1944–1945

Edmund Veesenmayer, Hitler’s “Special Envoy” to Hungary, 1944–1945

SS-Obergruppenführer Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, commander of IX SS Mountain Corps

Antony Beevor, The Second World War. New York, NY, USA: Little, Brown and Company, 2012.

Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War, 1941–1945. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.

Anthony Tucker-Jones, Slaughter on the Eastern Front: Hitler and Stalin’s War, 1941–1945. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press, 2017.

Morse code by Thane Brown

Music composed and recorded by Nicolas Bury