5. Old Testament Manuscripts and Textual Criticism Titelbild

5. Old Testament Manuscripts and Textual Criticism

5. Old Testament Manuscripts and Textual Criticism

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Introduction

  • Different story from NT; 3 parts: Manuscripts, criticism, examples.

  • 3 families:

    1. Masoretic Text (MT),

    2. Samaritan Pentateuch (SP),

    3. Septuagint (LXX).

Oldest Scrolls

  • Silver Scrolls (7th c. BC): Numbers 6:24-26 blessing.

  • Nash Papyrus (2nd c. BC): Ten Commandments + Shema.

Masoretic Text (MT)

  • 7th-10th c. AD; standardized Hebrew with vowels.

  • Leningrad Codex (1008 AD); basis for BHS.

Samaritan Pentateuch (SP)

  • Samaritan version of Torah; 2nd c. BC mss.

  • 6,000 variants from MT; some ideological.

Septuagint (LXX)

  • Greek translation (3rd-2nd c. BC)

  • Early mss.: Codex Vaticanus, Sinaiticus.

Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS, 1947)

  • 250 BC-68 AD; every OT book except Esther.

  • Confirm MT stability; some variants.

Textual Criticism

  • Rules: Shorter readings, harmonizations suspect.

  • Examples: Deut 32:8 (sons of God), Psalm 22:16 (pierced hands).

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