Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus talk with Dr. Tyson Reeder about how foreign powers shaped America’s early politics under James Madison. As Federalists supported Britain and Democratic-Republicans championed France, the young republic wrestled with questions of loyalty, ideology, and trust. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 0:41 - Who was James Madison? 4:08 - The Birth of Political Parties in Early America 8:05 - The Spy and the Con Artist: A Tale of Deception 17:23 - Madison's Presidency and the War of 1812 21:22 - Foreign Meddling and Domestic Politics In Colonial US 25:19 - Madison’s Perspective on the Presidency 29:29 - Contexualizing “The People” 33:57 - The Aftermath of the $50,000 Blunder 36:53 - Madison's Delusions and Political Corruption 42:04 - Partisanship and Its Consequences 43:28 - Madison’s Embargo and Political Fall Out 49:20 - The War of 1812: Unity or Division? 54:36 - What Was it About Madison that People Didn’t Like? 57:01 - The Serpent: The Cycle of Partisan Politics and Foreign Meddling EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Tyson Reeder - https://socialsciences.byu.edu/directory/tyson-reeder Serpent in Eden: Foreign Meddling and Partisan Politics in James Madison's America - https://academic.oup.com/book/57414 James Madison – https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Madison Federalist Party – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Democratic-Republican Party – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party John Henry - https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/henry_john_8E.html Paul-Émile Soubiran - https://academics.umw.edu/jamesmonroepapers/2017/04/13/french-imposters-diplomatic-double-speak-buried-archival-treasures/ James Monroe – https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Monroe Steele Dossier - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trial-begins-for-russian-analyst-who-was-source-for-flawed-trump-dossier Articles of Confederation – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/articles-of-confederation Edmond-Charles Genêt – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmond-Charles-Genet Chesapeake Affair – https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/art/exhibits/conflicts-and-operations/the-war-of-1812/uss-chesapeake--hms-leopard-affair.html Embargo of 1807 – https://www.britannica.com/event/Napoleonic-Wars/Great-Britain-France-and-the-neutrals-1800-02 Jay Treaty - https://www.britannica.com/event/Jay-Treaty Election of 1796 – https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1796 Era of Good Feelings – https://www.britannica.com/event/Era-of-Good-Feelings PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus sit down with historian Dr. Jonathan S. Jones to uncover the hidden history of opium use during the American Civil War. Hailed as a miracle cure for battlefield pain, opium left countless veterans battling lifelong addiction—an often-overlooked consequence of war that shaped lives long after the fighting ended. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:12 - How did you choose your topic? 3:25 - The journey to discovering opium’s role 4:39 - The difference between opium and morphine 6:40 - Pre-modern medicine ear 8:25 - Opium's prevalence in the U.S. civil war medicine 10:47 - Addiction awareness in the 19th century 13:52 - Changing the perception of addiction 17:55 - Civil War Veterans and opium use 21:02 - Access to opium: The unregulated market 22:46 - Supply and Demand: Opium During the Civil War 27:00 - Medical Advancements and the Hypodermic Syringe 32:44 - International Influence on Civil War Medicine 34:19 - The Emergence of Addiction Post-Civil War 37:57 - How was Morphine Prescribed 39:54 - Responses to Addiction: A Historical Perspective 47:07 - Shifts in Perception and Treatment of Addiction 54:43 - Racial and Gender Disparities in Addiction Treatment 58:18 - The Legacy of Addiction: Lessons from History and Where to Visit 1:00:57 - Where to find Jonathon and his book EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Jonathan S. Jones - https://jonathansjones.net James Madison University - https://www.jmu.edu/history/people/all-people/jones-jonathan.shtml Opium Slavery: The Civil War, Veterans, and America’s First Opioid Crisis - https://uncpress.org/9781469689531/opium-slavery/ Opium – https://museum.dea.gov/exhibits/online-exhibits/cannabis-coca-and-poppy-natures-addictive-plants/opium-poppy Opiate v. Opioid - https://www.oregon.gov/adpc/pages/opiate-opioid.aspx Germ Theory - https://www.civilwarmed.org/germ-theory-antebellum/ Civil War Field Hospitals - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/everyday-life-civil-war-hospital Crimean War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Crimean-War Ambrose Bierce - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ambrose-Bierce Harrison Narcotics Tax Act - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234755/#:~:text=The%20measure%20that%20finally%20passed,to%20pay%20a%20small%20tax. National Museum of Civil War Medicine – https://www.civilwarmed.org American Civil War Museum - https://acwm.org BlueSky – https://bsky.app/profile/jonathansjones.bsky.social Email - jones8js@jmu.edu PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by historian Dr. Julia Gaffield to uncover the overlooked legacy of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a central—but often forgotten—figure of the Haitian Revolution. While many histories of Haitian independence sideline or erase him, Dr. Gaffield restores Dessalines to his rightful place as a revolutionary leader whose impact reshaped the Atlantic world. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:29 - Who is Jean Jacques Dessalines 6:01 - His experience as an enslaved person 8:59 - Differences in US slave societies vs French colonies 10:42 - Saint-Domingue 12:38 - Defining Creole 14:16 - The complexities of the Haitian Revolutions’s demographics 15:04 - From slave to freeman 15:54 - The 7 Years War and the Haitian Revolution 17:52 - Racism as a cultural norm vs codification 21:00 - What sets off the revolution? 23:35 - How does the French revolution play a role? 27:12 - Jean Baptiste Charbonneau & Vincent Ogé 32:45 - Dessalines and Louverture 37:39 - Betrayal and Legacy 41:09 - A double standard: Dessalines’ barbaric reputation 49:30 - The path to independence: The end of slavery in Haiti 54:44 - The significance of the book title EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Julia Gaffield - https://juliagaffield.com/ I Have Avenged America: Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Haiti’s Fight for Freedom - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300255478/i-have-avenged-america/ Haitian Revolution - https://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/revolution.html Toussaint Louverture - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Toussaint-Louverture Jean-Jacques Dessalines - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Dessalines French Revolution - https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution MLK - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr Malcolm X - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-X Saint-Domingue - https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti/Early-period#ref515792 Hispaniola - https://www.britannica.com/place/Hispaniola Jean-Baptiste Chavannes - https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Chavannes,_Jean_Baptiste Vincent Oge - https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/oge-vincent-1755-1791/ Leclerc Expedition - https://islandluminous.fiu.edu/part02-slide09.html Cover Image - https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/58502 Ulrick Jean-Pierre - https://ulrickjeanpierre.com/ “I Have Avenged America” Speech - https://haitidoi.com/2013/08/02/i-have-avenged-america/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices