In part one of a three-part mini-series on the theme of citizenship and identity, we'll ask ourselves, "What makes someone Italian?"

We'll explore the topic of citizenship and identity in Italy, and see what the current laws tell us about what it means to be (or not to be) Italian.

• Definitions of jus soli and jus sanguinis
• Italy's citizenship rules and marriage eligibility
• Referendum on easing Italy's citizenship rules
• Italy's low birth rate and demographic challenges
• Immigration's influence on Italy's citizenship debates
• Opposition arguments against easing citizenship rules
• Result of Italy’s citizenship referendum
• Comparison with Germany and France's citizenship laws
• Discussion on Italian citizenship by ancestry
• Debate on the meaning of citizenship in Italy

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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية

Hannibal of Carthage, one of history's greatest military strategists, almost brought the Roman Republic to its knees.

As a boy, he swore eternal enmity against Rome, leading him to cross the Alps with his diverse army and elephants, stunning the Romans.

Despite his victories, he never managed to capture Rome, but his legacy of brilliance and determination remains.

• Hannibal's vow to hate Rome forever
• Hannibal's upbringing and education in military tactics
• The First Punic War and Carthage's defeat
• Hannibal's march across the Alps into Italy
• Hannibal's diverse and strategic army composition
• Key victories at the Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae
• Rome's Fabian Strategy to counter Hannibal
• Hannibal's defeat at the Battle of Zama
• Hannibal's later life and exile
• Hannibal's enduring legacy and impact on military strategy

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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية

Meet Mobutu Sese Seko, the man who rose from a lowly army officer to become the autocratic ruler of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Wearing his signature leopard-skin hat, Mobutu rebranded the country as Zaire and himself as a symbol of African pride.

Despite his charismatic persona and lavish lifestyle, his regime left the country impoverished, highlighting the dangers of unchecked power and corruption.

• Mobutu Sese Seko's rise to power in Congo
• Congo's harsh colonial history under Belgian rule
• Mobutu's involvement in Patrice Lumumba's downfall
• Mobutu's 1965 coup and 32-year rule
• Renaming Congo to Zaire and introducing the Authenticité movement
• Mobutu's repressive regime and personality cult
• Corruption and Mobutu's embezzlement of state funds
• Economic decline and dependency on foreign aid
• Mobutu's fall from power and death in exile
• Mobutu's enduring legacy in modern-day DRC

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🔓 Unlock bonus episodes, interactive transcripts, subtitles & vocabulary lists

✨ 5 Powerful Tips for Learning English with Podcasts (Faster & Effectively!) [YouTube]

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Keywords: Learn English, vocabulary, lessons, idioms, aprende inglés, idiomas, aprender inglês, apprendre l'anglais, imparare l’inglese, ingilizce öğren,英語を習う, تعلم الإنجليزية