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"The Prince" is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, "De Principatibus" ("Of Principalities"). However, the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was done with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of The Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings".

Згадуючи війну в Іспанії - нарис про громадянську війну між іспанськими лівими і фашистами, в якому Орвелл попереджає про небезпеку тоталітаризму, який з'являється і утверджується багато в чому завдяки маніпуляціям і пропаганді ЗМІ а також боягузству та угодовництву лібералів. Це пристрасний антивоєнний, гуманістичний заклик письменника, що містить ідеї, які він розвинув в культових художніх творах: 1984 і Колгосп тварин.

Притча, сповнена гіркої іронії і сарказму. Трагікомічна історія спільноти тварин, що зважилися позбутися пригноблення людьми, і потрапила під бузувірську владу свиней. Такий є Колгосп тварин Джорджа Орвелла. У повісті зображена еволюція спільноти наївних революціонерів-тварин, які вигнали з ферми її власника — невдаху містера Джонса: еволюцію від романтичної свободи і рівності до диктатури підступного і корисливого кнура на прізвисько Наполеон.

У творі Тодось Осьмачка Ротонда душогубців зображено глибокий трагізм долі українського народу напередодні великого голодомору 1932–33 років, подано художньо-психологічний аналіз організації цього штучного голодомору правлячою тоді тоталітарно-терористичною сталінською клікою. Роман Ротонда душогубців — це вражаюче жахливий літопис злочинного винищення українства в період примусової колективізації, нелюдських жорстокостей НКВС. Головний герой роману — Іван Брус — носій національної ідеї українського народу, а водночас і герой, якому немає місця в суспільстві тоталітарного режиму.

The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism, by Lenin, is a concise article that examines the historical roots, essence, and content of Marxist teaching. Lenin wrote it on the 30th anniversary of the death of Karl Marx. Soviet propaganda makers lifted a key quote from the article to use as a slogan for posters, inscriptions on monuments, or other propaganda purposes. The phrase was: "The might of Marx's teaching is in its truth."

Нікколо Макіавеллі — відомий італійський філософ і політик епохи Відродження, обіймав у Флоренції посаду державного секретаря та відповідав за дипломатичні зв'язки республіки. Його трактат Про військове мистецтво — єдиний політичний твір Макіавеллі, опублікований за життя. Ця праця — одна з кращих книг про військову справу, нарівні з "Записками про галльську війну" Гая Юлія Цезаря і "Мистецтвом війни" Сунь Цзи.

Imperialism: The Final Stage of Capitalism by Vladimir Lenin is a foundational Marxist text that explores the economic and political dynamics of imperialism in the early 20th century. Originally published in 1917, this work was a response to the global geopolitical landscape of the time and sought to analyze the nature of imperialism as the highest stage of capitalist development. Lenin argues that imperialism represents a new and advanced form of capitalism characterized by the domination of finance capital.

Кодекс Бусідо (також перекладають як "Шлях самурая" чи "Мистецтво самурая") або ж японською — "Хаґакуре" ("Приховане у листі"), був написаний Ямамото Цунетомо (1659 — 1719). Він був самураєм з клану Саґа, що на острові Кюсю. Після смерті свого повелителя Набесіма Наосіґе, Ямамото став монахом і все своє життя присвятив узагальненню принципів Шляху самурая, а також популяризації принципів честі й вірності своєму володарю.

"Держава" — діалог Платона, присвячений проблемі ідеальної держави. Він був створений у 360 р. до н.е. На думку Платона, держава є втіленням ідеї справедливості. В діалогові вперше чітко вказані філософи як люди, здатні осягнути те, що завжди тотожне самому собі. Діалог містить систематику й короткий критичний аналіз різновидів державного устрою (ідеальна «держава майбутнього», котра поки не існує, до нього не входить), розташованих Платоном за мірилом поступової деградації, що має вигляд еволюції в часі, але незворотність такої еволюції прямо не стверджується.

Mill's book Utilitarianism first appeared as a series of three articles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 and was reprinted as a single book in 1863. John Stuart Mill was brought up as a Benthamite with the explicit intention that he would carry on the cause of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a family of consequentialist ethical theories that promotes actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority of a population. Although different varieties of utilitarianism admit different characterizations, the basic idea behind all of them is to in some sense maximize utility.

Thomas Paine was born in Great Britain; he came to America at the age of 37 for the first time. He is rightly considered to be the Anglo-American writer, philosopher, publicist, as well as "American godfather" for supporting separatist spirits and inspiring Americans to fight for their independence (at that very moment, the break between America and England was imminent). He described his thoughts in a wonderful tract Common Sense, that according to G. Washington, revolutionized the minds. Later, Thomas Paine's arguments were reflected in The Independence Declaration, written by Jefferson.

The City of the Sun is a philosophical work by the Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella. It is an important early utopian work. The work was written in Italian in 1602, shortly after Campanella's imprisonment for heresy and sedition. A Latin version was written in 1613–1614 and published in Frankfurt in 1623. The book is presented as a dialogue between "a Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller and a Genoese Sea-Captain". Inspired by Plato's Republic and the description of Atlantis in Timaeus, it describes a theocratic society where goods, women and children are held in common.

The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism (Russian:  Три источника и три составных части марксизма) is an article written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin and published in 1913. The article was dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of Karl Marx's death.

The Way to Wealth is an essay written by Benjamin Franklin in 1758. It is a collection of adages and advice presented in Poor Richard's Almanac during its first 25 years of publication, organized into a speech given by "Father Abraham" to a group of people. Many of the phrases Father Abraham quotes continue to be familiar today. The essay's advice is based on the themes of work ethic and frugality. Some phrases from the almanac quoted in The Way to Wealth include: "There are no gains, without pains", "One today is worth two tomorrows", "A life of leisure and a life of laziness are two things".

Decrees were legislative acts of the highest Soviet institutions, primarily of the Council of People's Commissars (the highest executive body — Sovnarkom) and of VTsIK (the highest legislative body between sessions of the Congress of Soviets). The Bolshevik Initial Decrees were announced as soon as the Bolsheviks declared their success in the October Revolution (October 26, 1917). The Decrees seemed to conform to the popular Bolshevik slogan "Peace, Land and Bread". The slogan succinctly articulated the grievances of the Russian peasantry, armed forces and proletariat.

Emma Goldman (1869 – 1940) was an anarchist political activist and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century. In this essay, (1910) Goldman sets forth her interpretation of the ideology of anarchism. Like most anarchists, she was highly idealistic; believing that human nature was inherently good, she was convinced that a state of absolute freedom would maximize human happiness and productivity.

The Constitution of the Athenians, also called the Athenian Constitution (Greek: Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία, Athenaion Politeia; Latin: Atheniensium Respublica), is a work by Aristotle or one of his students. The work describes the constitution of Athens. It is preserved on a papyrus roll from Hermopolis, published in 1891 and now in the British Library. A small part of the work also survives on two leaves of a papyrus codex, discovered in the Fayum in 1879 and now in the papyrus collection of the Ägyptisches Museum in Berlin.

Thomas More's "Utopia" is a complex, innovative and insightful contribution to the development of political thought. The culmination of this work was a description of a country whose society lives according to the laws of nature, but is close to the ideas of the religion of Christianity - they have everything in common and gold is not valuable to them. Based on the ideas of Plato, St. Augustine and Aristotle, the Utopia novel has borne fruit, namely the dawn of new utopian and anti-utopian literature that includes the writings of such writers as Francis Bacon, Herbert Wells, Aldous Huxley and George Ourell.

"Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Heinrich Marx and Friedrich Engels is a book where, for the first time, the aims, tasks and methods of fight of the emerging communist organisations and parties of the nineteenth century were declared and explained. It is the greatest philosophic and political treatise that is important in some way even nowadays. According to experts, Manifesto is a powerful work that still can be used as a good method to mobilize people.

An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in an inductive approach to science, such as confirmation bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method.