The Brightest Explosion Ever Seen Broke the Rules okładka

The Brightest Explosion Ever Seen Broke the Rules

The Brightest Explosion Ever Seen Broke the Rules

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On 9 October 2022, a gamma-ray burst so bright it saturated detectors across the solar system swept past Earth, disturbing our ionosphere from two billion light-years away. Reyna follows GRB 221009A, the BOAT, through its impossible ten-TeV photons, its structured jet, and its strangely faint supernova to ask how the most powerful explosion ever recorded actually works. What was observed? The brightest gamma-ray burst ever recorded, with an isotropic-equivalent energy around ten to the fifty-fifth ergs and photons above 10 TeV seen by LHAASO. How was it measured? Fermi, Swift, INTEGRAL, Konus, LHAASO's 64,000 photons above 0.2 TeV, and VLBI radio imaging of superluminal expansion. Why is it important? An event this bright may occur once in ten thousand years, and it broke the standard jet model. What explanations are supported? A structured jet with a narrow one-degree core and wider wings explains the afterglow; the survival of 10 TeV photons challenges extragalactic background light models, with axion-like particles as one candidate. What remains unknown? How the jet is launched, how 10 TeV photons are produced, whether they really survived the journey, and why the supernova was so faint. Sources: Burns et al. 2023, ApJL; Lesage et al. 2023, ApJL; LHAASO Collaboration 2023, Science; O'Connor et al. 2023; Blanchard et al. (JWST follow-up).
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